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Men and Machines: How Kraftwerk’s Robotic Minimalism Redefined Masculinity in Popular Music

With their pioneering blend of electronic instrumentation, repetitive beats and simple yet effective hooks, Kraftwerk defied all expectations as a totally electronic German band that became a worldwide phenomenon in the early 1970’s. However, Kraftwerk not only rewrote the rulebook on what pop music could be, but also defied the tired hyper-masculine rock clichés of the 70’s - and redefined what it meant to be a man in pop. Before Kraftwerk broke through to mainstream critical acclaim in 1974 with their seminal track Autobahn , the perception of electronic music in the public consciousness could not be more different from what it is today.  Electronic music existed only on the fringes of popular culture, either as novelty records (Hot Butter’s ‘ Popcorn ’, 1972), cinematic scores, or the foil of avant-garde composers and installation artists. For electronic music to have become the staple genre and approach to pop consistently over the past 40 years is in itself a testament t...